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Nazi eugenics were Nazi Germany's racially based social policies that placed the biological improvement of the Aryan race or Germanic "''Übermenschen''" master race through eugenics at the center of Nazi ideology. Those humans targeted for destruction under Nazi eugenics policies were largely living in private and state-operated institutions, identified as "life unworthy of life" ((ドイツ語:Lebensunwertes Leben)), including but not limited to prisoners, degenerate, dissident, people with congenital cognitive and physical disabilities (including feebleminded, epileptic, schizophrenic, manic-depressive, cerebral palsy, muscular dystrophy, deaf, blind) ((ドイツ語: erbkranken)), homosexual, idle, insane, and the weak, for elimination from the chain of heredity. More than 400,000 people were sterilized against their will, while more than 300,000 were killed under Action T4, a euthanasia program.〔(【引用サイトリンク】 title=Close-up of Richard Jenne, the last child killed by the head nurse at the Kaufbeuren-Irsee euthanasia facility. )〕〔Ian Kershaw, ''Hitler: A Profile in Power'', Chapter VI, first section (London, 1991, rev. 2001)〕〔Snyder, S. & D. Mitchell. Cultural Locations of Disability. University of Michigan Press. 2006.〕 ==Origins in the wider European/U.S. eugenics movement== After the eugenics movement was well established in the United States, it was spread to Germany. California eugenicists began producing literature promoting eugenics and sterilization and sending it overseas to German scientists and medical professionals.〔Black, 2003: (p. 1 )〕 By 1933, California had subjected more people to forceful sterilization than all other U.S. states combined. The forced sterilization program engineered by the Nazis was partly inspired by California's.〔Murphy & Lappé, 1994: (p. 18 )〕 In 1927, The Kaiser Wilhelm Institute for Anthropology (KWIA), an organization which concentrated on physical and social anthropology as well as human genetics, was founded in Berlin with significant financial support from the American philanthropic group, the Rockefeller Foundation.〔Gretchen E. Schafft, ''From Racism to Genocide: Anthropology in the Third Reich'' (Urbana and Chicago: University of Illinois Press, 2004), pp. 48-54.〕 German professor of medicine, anthropology and eugenics, Eugen Fischer, was the director of this organization, a man whose work helped provide the scientific basis for the Nazis' eugenic policies.〔Robert S. Wistrich, ''Who's Who In Nazi Germany'' (New York: Routledge, 2001), p. 60.〕〔In 1933, Adolf Hitler appointed Fischer rector of Frederick William University of Berlin, now Humboldt University. See: Rektoratsreden im 19. und 20. Jahrhundert – Online-Bibliographie, der ehemalige Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Berlin. URL: http://www.historische-kommission-muenchen-editionen.de/rektoratsreden/anzeige/index.php?type=rektor&id=93753244〕 The Rockefeller Foundation even funded some of the research conducted by Josef Mengele before he went to Auschwitz.〔〔Black, 2003: (p. 5 )〕 Upon returning from Germany in 1934, where more than 5,000 people per month were being forcibly sterilized, the California eugenics leader C. M. Goethe bragged to a colleague: Eugenics researcher Harry H. Laughlin often bragged that his Model Eugenic Sterilization laws had been implemented in the 1935 Nuremberg racial hygiene laws. In 1936, Laughlin was invited to an award ceremony at Heidelberg University in Germany (scheduled on the anniversary of Hitler's 1934 purge of Jews from the Heidelberg faculty), to receive an honorary doctorate for his work on the "science of racial cleansing". Due to financial limitations, Laughlin was unable to attend the ceremony and had to pick it up from the Rockefeller Institute. Afterwards, he proudly shared the award with his colleagues, remarking that he felt that it symbolized the "common understanding of German and American scientists of the nature of eugenics." 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Nazi eugenics」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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